Journal of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Research

A Review on the Pharmacological Challenges of Polypharmacy in Elderly Patients

2026-04-09T14:18:24-04:00

The contemporaneous use of multiple medications is defined as Polypharmacy. Due to rising multimorbidity and life expectancy among elderly population, the prevalence of polypharmacy has increased. Despite the need for managing complex conditions, it significantly presents pharmacological challenges. By focusing on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes, drug interactions, adverse drug reactions and strategies for optimizing medication use, this systematic review aims to evaluate the impact of polypharmacy in elderly individuals. Physiological changes related to age, complicates the drug metabolism and responses, further leads to toxicity from higher susceptibility. Due to fragmented care and insufficient geriatric-specific guidelines, the inappropriate prescribing remains increasing. In reducing medication related risks, strategies such as medication review, multidisciplinary care and deprescribing have showed a remarkable impact.

Translational Pharmacology: A Review

2026-04-12T01:41:21-04:00

With an emanate discipline “Translational Pharmacology” aims to reconcile the gap between the basic scientific research and clinical application. Representing an extension of clinical pharmacology, translational pharmacology mainly focuses on the application of mechanistic insights from basic research to clinical practice. This includes target identification, pre-clinical testing, all stages of drug development clinical trials and post-marketing surveillance. For the benefit of patients, this discipline aims to ensure that discoveries made in laboratory settings are effectively translated into therapeutic interventions. To understand drug action and optimize therapeutic strategies translational pharmacology provides a comprehensive framework by integrating various scientific domains. Translational pharmacology’s future can be changed by implanting usage of advanced computational modelling, improving collaborative research efforts between academia and industry, integration of multi-omics data and continued advancements in system pharmacology and data analytics can improve the drug development efficacy and accuracy. For enhancing the translation of research findings into clinical practice, efforts must focus on developing validating biomarkers, cost efficient and better predictive models.

Fabry Disease: A Review

2026-04-09T13:56:56-04:00

Fabry disease (FD) is a X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by pathogenic variants in GLA. Deficiency of an enzyme leads to the buildup of glycosphingolipids in various cell types, including vascular endothelial cells, podocytes, cardiomyocytes, neurons and others. Symptoms like hypohidrosis, neuropathic pain, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, angiokeratomas, arrhythmias and progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) were considered as organ manifestations. Early diagnosis enables disease modifying therapy that can prevent or slow organ damage. This review article mainly focusses on genotype-phenotype spectrum, molecular pathology & diagnostic biomarkers, diagnostic approach & screening recommendations, treatment & established therapies, supportive & organ-directed care, treatment evidence & outcomes, special diagnostic & management issues, newborn & popular screening challenges, bio-markers use in monitoring & treatment decisions, safety & adverse effects of the treatment, gaps in evidence & research priorities and practical clinical recommendations of FD. In male with early CKD or cryptogenic stroke, with neuropathic pain, corneal verticillata, angiokeratomas or with un-explained LV hypertrophy FD is suspected, so the tests must be done promptly. Diagnostic algorithm for both males and females must be monitored. In males, ?-galactosidase A activity must be measured and GLA genetic testing must be performed, whereas, in case of females, GLA genetic test must be performed regardless of enzyme level and measure plasma lyso-Gb3 for baseline monitoring. After multi-disciplinary evaluation patients who were diagnosed with ERT or Migalastat for amenable mutations must be initiated to disease-modifying therapy at earliest. Cardiac, neurological status and renal activities must be monitored regularly. With promising results emerging gene-therapies and substrate reduction strategies can be helpful in treating yet, long term evaluation is required. Vigorous genotype interpretation, multi-disciplinary care and careful counseling must be considered as critical clinical priorities.