Fenofibrate Nanosuspension: A Novel Strategy to Enhance its Bioavailability for the Management of Hyperlipidemia

Abstract

Hyperlipidemia, a metabolic condition marked by elevated plasma levels of cholesterol or triglyceride-carrying lipoproteins, is a major contributor to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Antihyperlipidemic drugs are classified according to their primary mechanism of action. Fenofibrate’s role in regulating cholesterol and managing insulin resistance-associated metabolic disorders makes it a preferred choice in combination therapies with statins for cardiovascular disease management. Nanoparticles have gained attention for enhancing the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs by reducing particle size to the nanoscale (100-200 nm), which increases solubility, dissolution rate and adhesion to cell surfaces. Nanosuspensions improve drug solubility and bioavailability through methods like media milling, high-pressure homogenization and precipitation. Despite advancements, producing stable Fenofibrate nanoparticles below 100 nm at an industrial scale remains a challenge. Recent strategies include using sonication and freeze-drying to enhance bioavailability and solubility, achieving significant improvements in drug dissolution and therapeutic efficacy.